1 Climate change and destruction of natural resources. 

Climate change is having a huge impact on ecosystems and natural resources. Human practices are leading to massive deforestation, forest degradation, biodiversity loss and widespread natural resource depletion, destroying the natural buffer that once protected us from climate extremes. 


 Paradoxically, the destruction of carbon sinks, such as forests and wetlands, is driving greenhouse gas emissions even higher. These two trends of climate change and environmental degradation are amplifying natural hazards, making the poorest even more vulnerable, and worsening inequalities.


 2 Large scale conflict and wars

Wars mostly happens because of political and/or economic reasons. It causes the death of millions of  innocent people, including children.

In democracy,  leaders are chosen by the people as they have the right to vote. Because of this reality, the people of the democracy represent their country even when the nation is engaged in a war. The responsibility for the innocent deaths taken by war, is then shared by the people of that country.


Poverty and political, social, and economic inequalities between groups predispose to conflict; policies to tackle them will reduce this risk 8 out of 10 of the world's poorest countries are suffering, or have recently suffered, from large scale violent conflict. Wars in developing countries have heavy human, economic, and social costs and are a major cause of poverty and political reasons such as oil. Most current conflicts, such as in the Sudan or the Congo, are within states, although there is often considerable outside intervention, as in Afghanistan. In the past 30 years Africa, Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria have been especially badly affected by war. It took away homes, took apart families and result of millions of innocent people lives.


 3 Religious conflicts

Religious conflict includes intolerance of other religions and discrimination against members of other religions, religious war, intellectual conflict and conflict between church and state. Such conflict is harmful to the overall credibility of religion and may cause religious apathy or disintegration.


It may arise in the attempt to religiously convert tribal society and may result in ethnic disintegration and loss of cultural heritage. Religious conflict can ensue from political conflict.


 4 Poverty 

poverty, the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions. Poverty is said to exist when people lack the means to satisfy their basic needs. In this context, the identification of poor people first requires a determination of what constitutes basic needs. 


These may be defined as narrowly as “those necessary for survival” or as broadly as “those reflecting the prevailing standard of living in the community.” The first criterion would cover only those people near the borderline of starvation or death from exposure; the second would extend to people whose nutrition, housing, and clothing, though adequate to preserve life, do not measure up to those of the population as a whole.


 5 Government accountability and transparency, and corruption.

Corruption is recognized by the global community as a threat to development generally and to achieving health goals, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal # 3: ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all. As such, international organizations such as the World Health Organizations and the United Nations Development Program are creating an evidence base on how best to address corruption in health systems.


At present, the risk of corruption is even more apparent, given the need for quick and nimble responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, which may include a relaxation of standards and the rapid mobilization of large funds.